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±ê Ìâ: Îı¾´¦ÀíÃüÁîÖ® sed - cpu [ת]
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: BBS ˮľÇ廪վ (Tue Jan 4 17:52:16 2000)
·¢ÐÅÈË: scz (СËÄ), ÐÅÇø: Solaris
±ê Ìâ: Îı¾´¦ÀíÃüÁîÖ® sed - cpu
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: »ªÄÏÍøľÃÞÕ¾ (Tue Jan 4 14:21:38 2000), תÐÅ
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¡ï ÃüÁîÐвÎÊý¼ò½é
¡ï Ê×ÏȼÙÉèÎÒÃÇÓÐÕâÑùÒ»¸öÎı¾Îļþ sedtest.txt
¡ï Êä³öÖ¸¶¨·¶Î§µÄÐÐ p
¡ï ÔÚÿһÐÐÇ°ÃæÔö¼ÓÒ»¸öÖƱí·û(^I)
¡ï ÔÚÿһÐкóÃæÔö¼Ó--end
¡ï ÏÔʾָ¶¨Ä£Ê½Æ¥ÅäÐеÄÐкŠ[/pattern/]=
¡ï ÔÚÆ¥ÅäÐкóÃæÔö¼ÓÎı¾ [/pattern/]a\ »òÕß [address]a\
¡ï ɾ³ýÆ¥ÅäÐÐ [/pattern/]d »òÕß [address1][,address2]d
¡ï Ì滻ƥÅäÐÐ [/pattern/]c\ »òÕß [address1][,address2]c\
¡ï ÔÚÆ¥ÅäÐÐÇ°Ãæ²åÈëÎı¾ [/pattern/]i\ »òÕß [address]i\
¡ï Ì滻ƥÅä´®(×¢Òâ²»ÔÙÊÇÆ¥ÅäÐÐ) [addr1][,addr2]s/old/new/g
¡ï ÏÞ¶¨·¶Î§ºóµÄģʽƥÅä
¡ï Ö¸¶¨Ì滻ÿһÐÐÖÐÆ¥ÅäµÄµÚ¼¸´Î³öÏÖ
¡ï &´ú±í×îºóÆ¥Åä
¡ï ÀûÓÃsedÐÞ¸ÄPATH»·¾³±äÁ¿
¡ï ²âÊÔ²¢Ìá¸ßsedÃüÁîÔËÐÐЧÂÊ
¡ï Ö¸¶¨Êä³öÎļþ [address1][,address2]w outputfile
¡ï Ö¸¶¨ÊäÈëÎļþ [address]r inputfile
¡ï Ìæ»»ÏàÓ¦×Ö·û [address1][,address2]y/old/new/
¡ï !ºÅµÄʹÓÃ
¡ï \cÕýÔò±í´ïʽc µÄʹÓÃ
¡ï sedÃüÁîÖÐÕýÔò±í´ïʽµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ
¡ï ת»»manÊÖ²á³ÉÆÕͨÎı¾¸ñʽ(ÐÂ)
¡ï sedµÄmanÊÖ²á(ÓõľÍÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ·½·¨)
¡ï ÃüÁîÐвÎÊý¼ò½é
sed
-e script Ö¸¶¨sed±à¼ÃüÁî
-f scriptfile Ö¸¶¨µÄÎļþÖÐÊÇsed±à¼ÃüÁî
-n ¼Å¾²Ä£Ê½£¬ÒÖÖÆÀ´×ÔsedÃüÁîÖ´Ðйý³ÌÖеÄÈßÓàÊä³öÐÅÏ¢£¬±ÈÈçÖ»
ÏÔʾÄÇЩ±»¸Ä±äµÄÐС£
²»Ã÷°×£¿²»Òª½ô£¬°ÑÕâЩ°¹Ôඪµ½Ò»±ß£¬¸úÎÒÍùÏÂ×ߣ¬²»¹ýÏÂÃæµÄ½éÉÜÀï
²»°üÀ¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽµÄ½âÊÍ£¬Èç¹ûÄã²»Ã÷°×£¬¿ÉÄÜÓеãÂé·³¡£
¡ï Ê×ÏȼÙÉèÎÒÃÇÓÐÕâÑùÒ»¸öÎı¾Îļþ sedtest.txt
cat > sedtest.txt
Sed is a stream editor
----------------------
A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed
)
,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particular
l
y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
¡ï Êä³öÖ¸¶¨·¶Î§µÄÐÐ p other types of editors.
sed -e "1,4p" -n sedtest.txt
sed -e "/from/p" -n sedtest.txt
sed -e "1,/from/p" -n sedtest.txt
¡ï ÔÚÿһÐÐÇ°ÃæÔö¼ÓÒ»¸öÖƱí·û(^I)
sed "s/^/^I/g" sedtest.txt
×¢Òâ^IµÄÊäÈë·½·¨ÊÇctrl-v ctrl-i
µ¥¸ö^±íʾÐÐÊ×
¡ï ÔÚÿһÐкóÃæÔö¼Ó--end
sed "s/$/--end/g" sedtest.txt
µ¥¸ö$±íʾÐÐβ
¡ï ÏÔʾָ¶¨Ä£Ê½Æ¥ÅäÐеÄÐкŠ[/pattern/]=
sed -e '/is/=' sedtest.txt
1
Sed is a stream editor
----------------------
3
A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed
)
,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
7
sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9
efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particular
l
y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
Òâ˼ÊÇ·ÖÎösedtest.txt£¬ÏÔʾÄÇЩ°üº¬is´®µÄÆ¥ÅäÐеÄÐкţ¬×¢Òâ11ÐÐÖгöÏÖÁËis×Ö·û´®
Õâ¸öÊä³öÊÇÃæÏòstdoutµÄ£¬Èç¹û²»×öÖض¨Ïò´¦Àí£¬Ôò²»Ó°ÏìÔÀ´µÄsedtest.txt
¡ï ÔÚÆ¥ÅäÐкóÃæÔö¼ÓÎı¾ [/pattern/]a\ »òÕß [address]a\
^D
sed -f sedadd.script sedtest.txt
Sed is a stream editor
A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream
While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed
)
,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particular
l
y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> sed -e "a\\
+++++++++
---------------------------------------------
ÕÒµ½°üº¬from×Ö·û´®µÄÐУ¬ÔÚ¸ÃÐеÄÏÂÒ»ÐÐÔö¼Ó+++++++++¡£
Õâ¸öÊä³öÊÇÃæÏòstdoutµÄ£¬Èç¹û²»×öÖض¨Ïò´¦Àí£¬Ôò²»Ó°ÏìÔÀ´µÄsedtest.txt
ºÜ¶àÈËÏëÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏÖ±½ÓÍê³ÉÕâ¸ö²Ù×÷¶ø²»ÊǶàÒ»¸ösedadd.script£¬²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâÐèÒªÓõ
½
ÐøÐзû\£¬
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> sed -e "/from/a\\
£¾ +++++++++" sedtest.txt
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> sed -e "a\\
£¾ +++++++++" sedtest.txt
ÉÏÃæÕâÌõÃüÁÔÚËùÓÐÐкóÔö¼ÓÒ»¸öÐÂÐÐ+++++++++
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> sed -e "1 a\\
£¾ +++++++++" sedtest.txt
°ÑÏÂÃæÕâÁ½ÐÐcopy/pasteµ½Ò»¸öshellÃüÁîÐÐÉÏ£¬Ð§¹ûÒ»Ñù
+++++++++" sedtest.txt
[address]a\ Ö»½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öµØÖ·Ö¸¶¨
¶ÔÓÚaÃüÁ²»Ö§³Öµ¥ÒýºÅ£¬Ö»ÄÜÓÃË«ÒýºÅ£¬¶ø¶ÔÓÚdÃüÁîµÈÆäËûÃüÁͬʱ
¡ï ɾ³ýÆ¥ÅäÐÐ [/pattern/]d »òÕß [address1][,address2]d
sed -e '/---------------------------------------------/d' sedtest.txt
Sed is a stream editor
A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream
While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed
)
,
sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more
efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particular
l
y
sed -e '6,10d' sedtest.txt
ɾ³ý6-10ÐеÄÄÚÈÝ£¬°üÀ¨6ºÍ10
sed -e "2d" sedtest.txt
ɾ³ýµÚ2ÐеÄÄÚÈÝ
sed "1,/^$/d" sedtest.txt
ɾ³ý´ÓµÚÒ»Ðе½µÚÒ»¸ö¿ÕÐÐÖ®¼äµÄËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ
×¢ÒâÕâ¸öÃüÁîºÜÈÝÒ×´øÀ´ÒâÍâµÄ½á¹û£¬µ±sedtest.txtÖдӵÚÒ»ÐпªÊ¼²¢Ã»ÓпÕÐУ¬Ôòsedɾ
³
ý
sed "1,/from/d" sedtest.txt
ɾ³ý´ÓµÚÒ»Ðе½µÚÒ»¸ö°üº¬from×Ö·û´®µÄÐÐÖ®¼äµÄËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ£¬°üÀ¨µÚÒ»¸ö°üº¬
from×Ö·û´®µÄÐС£
¡ï Ì滻ƥÅäÐÐ [/pattern/]c\ »òÕß [address1][,address2]c\
sed -e "/is/c\\
**********" sedtest.txt
Ñ°ÕÒËùÓаüº¬is×Ö·û´®µÄÆ¥ÅäÐУ¬Ìæ»»³É**********
**********
----------------------
**********
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed
)
,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
**********
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
**********
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
sed -e "1,11c\\
**********" sedtest.txt----------------------
ÔÚ1-12ÐÐÄÚËÑË÷ËùÓÐfrom×Ö·û´®£¬·Ö±ðÌæ»»³É****×Ö·û´®
¡ï ÏÞ¶¨·¶Î§ºóµÄģʽƥÅä
sed "/But/s/is/are/g" sedtest.txt
¶ÔÄÇЩ°üº¬But×Ö·û´®µÄÐУ¬°ÑisÌæ»»³Éare
sed "/is/s/t/T/" sedtest.txt
¶ÔÄÇЩ°üº¬is×Ö·û´®µÄÐУ¬°ÑÿÐеÚÒ»¸ö³öÏÖµÄtÌæ»»³ÉT
sed "/While/,/from/p" sedtest.txt -n
Êä³öÔÚÕâÁ½¸öģʽƥÅäÐÐÖ®¼äµÄËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ
¡ï Ö¸¶¨Ì滻ÿһÐÐÖÐÆ¥ÅäµÄµÚ¼¸´Î³öÏÖ
sed "s/is/are/5" sedtest.txt
°ÑÿÐеÄis×Ö·û´®µÄµÚ5´Î³öÏÖÌæ»»³Éare
¡ï &´ú±í×îºóÆ¥Åä
sed "s/^$/(&)/" sedtest.txt
¸øËùÓпÕÐÐÔö¼ÓÒ»¶Ô()
sed "s/is/(&)/g" sedtest.txt
¸øËùÓÐis×Ö·û´®ÍâÔö¼Ó()
sed "s/.*/(&)/" sedtest.txt
¸øËùÓÐÐÐÔö¼ÓÒ»¶Ô()
sed "/is/s/.*/(&)/" sedtest.txt
¸øËùÓаüº¬is×Ö·û´®µÄÐÐÔö¼ÓÒ»¶Ô()
¡ï ÀûÓÃsedÐÞ¸ÄPATH»·¾³±äÁ¿
ÏȲ鿴PATH»·¾³±äÁ¿
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> echo $PATH
/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin:.
È¥µôβ²¿µÄ{ :/usr/X11R6/bin:. }
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> echo $PATH | sed "s/^\(.*\):\/usr[/]X11R6\/bin:[.]$/\1/"
/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
È¥µôÖмäµÄ{ :/bin: }
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> echo $PATH | sed "s/^\(.*\):\/bin:\(.*\)$/\1\2/"
/usr/bin:/usr/bin/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin:.
[/]±íʾ/ʧȥÌØÊâÒâÒå
\/ͬÑù±íʾ/ʧȥÒâÒå
\1±íʾ×ÓÆ¥ÅäµÄµÚÒ»´Î³öÏÖ
\2±íʾ×ÓÆ¥ÅäµÄµÚ¶þ´Î³öÏÖ
\(.*\)±íʾ×ÓÆ¥Åä
È¥µôβ²¿µÄ:£¬È»ºóÔö¼Óеķ¾¶
PATH=`echo $PATH | sed 's/\(.*\):$/\1/'`:$HOME/src
×¢Òâ·´ÒýºÅ`ºÍµ¥ÒýºÅ'µÄÇø±ð¡£
¡ï ²âÊÔ²¢Ìá¸ßsedÃüÁîÔËÐÐЧÂÊ
time sed -n "1,12p" webkeeper.db > /dev/null
time sed 12q webkeeper.db > /dev/null
¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öºóÕß±ÈÇ°ÕßЧÂʸߡ£
[address]q µ±ÅöÉÏÖ¸¶¨ÐÐʱÍ˳ösedÖ´ÐÐ
¡ï Ö¸¶¨Êä³öÎļþ [address1][,address2]w outputfile
sed "1,10w sed.out" sedtest.txt -n
½«sedtest.txtÖÐ1-10ÐеÄÄÚÈÝдµ½sed.outÎļþÖС£
¡ï Ö¸¶¨ÊäÈëÎļþ [address]r inputfile
sed "1r sedappend.txt" sedtest.txt
½«sedappend.txtÖеÄÄÚÈݸ½¼Óµ½sedtest.txtÎļþµÄµÚÒ»ÐÐÖ®ºó
¡ï Ìæ»»ÏàÓ¦×Ö·û [address1][,address2]y/old/new/
sed "y/abcdef/ABCDEF/" sedtest.txt
½«sedtest.txtÖÐËùÓеÄabcdefСд×ÖĸÌæ»»³ÉABCDEF´óд×Öĸ¡£
¡ï !ºÅµÄʹÓÃ
sed -e '3,7!d' sedtest.txt
ɾ³ý3-7ÐÐÖ®ÍâµÄËùÓÐÐÐ
sed -e '1,/from/!d' sedtest.txt
ÕÒµ½°üº¬from×Ö·û´®µÄÐУ¬É¾³ýÆäºóµÄËùÓÐÐÐ
¡ï \cÕýÔò±í´ïʽc µÄʹÓÃ
sed -e "\:from:d" sedtest.txt
µÈ¼ÛÓÚ sed -e "/from/d" sedtest.txt
¡ï sedÃüÁîÖÐÕýÔò±í´ïʽµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ
cat > sedtest.txt
^\/[}]{.*}[\(]$\)
^D
ÈçºÎ²ÅÄܰѸÃÐÐÌæ»»³É
\(]$\)\/[}]{.*}^[
¡ï ת»»manÊÖ²á³ÉÆÕͨÎı¾¸ñʽ(ÐÂ)
man sed | col -b > sed.txt
sed -e "s/^H//g" -e "/^$/d" -e "s/^^I/ /g" -e "s/^I/ /g" sed.txt > sedman
.
txt
ɾ³ýËùÓÐÍ˸ñ¼ü¡¢¿ÕÐУ¬°ÑÐÐÊ×µÄÖƱí·ûÌæ»»³É8¸ö¿Õ¸ñ£¬ÆäÓàÖƱí·ûÌæ»»³ÉÒ»¸ö¿Õ¸ñ¡£
¡ï sedµÄmanÊÖ²á(ÓõľÍÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ·½·¨)
NAME
sed - a Stream EDitor
SYNOPSIS
sed [-n] [-V] [--quiet] [--silent] [--version] [--help]
[-e script] [--expression=script]
[-f script-file] [--file=script-file]
[script-if-no-other-script]
[file...]
DESCRIPTION
Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to per-
form basic text transformations on an input stream (a file
or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to
an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed), sed
works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is
consequently more efficient. But it is sed's ability to
filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes
it from other types of editors.
OPTIONS
Sed may be invoked with the following command-line
options:
-V
--version
Print out the version of sed that is being run and
a copyright notice, then exit.
-h
--help Print a usage message briefly summarizing these
command-line options and the bug-reporting address,
then exit.
-n
--quiet
--silent
By default, sed will print out the pattern space at
the end of each cycle through the script. These
options disable this automatic printing, and sed
will only produce output when explicitly told to
via the p command.
-e script
--expression=script
Add the commands in script to the set of commands
to be run while processing the input.
-f script-file
--file=script-file
Add the commands contained in the file script-file
to the set of commands to be run while processing
the input.
If no -e,-f,--expression, or --file options are given on
the command-line, then the first non-option argument on
the command line is taken to be the script to be executed.
If any command-line parameters remain after processing the
above, these parameters are interpreted as the names of
input files to be processed. A file name of - refers to
the standard input stream. The standard input will pro-
cessed if no file names are specified.
Command Synopsis
This is just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve as
a reminder to those who already know sed; other documenta-
tion (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for
fuller descriptions.
Zero-address ``commands''
: label
Label for b and t commands.
#comment
The comment extends until the next newline (or the
end of a -e script fragment).
} The closing bracket of a { } block.
Zero- or One- address commands
= Print the current line number.
a \
text Append text, which has each embedded newline pre-
ceeded by a backslash.
i \
text Insert text, which has each embedded newline pre-
ceeded by a backslash.
q Immediately quit the sed script without processing
any more input, except that if auto-print is not
diabled the current pattern space will be printed.
r filename
Append text read from filename.
Commands which accept address ranges
{ Begin a block of commands (end with a }).
b label
Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end
of script.
t label
If a s/// has done a successful substitution since
the last input line was read and since the last t
command, then branch to label; if label is omitted,
branch to end of script.
c \
text Replace the selected lines with text, which has
each embedded newline preceeded by a backslash.
d Delete pattern space. Start next cycle.
D Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pat-
tern space. Start next cycle, but skip reading
from the input if there is still data in the pat-
tern space.
h H Copy/append pattern space to hold space.
g G Copy/append hold space to pattern space.
x Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern
spaces.
l List out the current line in a ``visually unambigu-
ous'' form.
n N Read/append the next line of input into the pattern
space.
p Print the current pattern space.
P Print up to the first embedded newline of the cur-
rent pattern space.
s/regexp/replacement/
Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space.
If successful, replace that portion matched with
replacement. The replacement may contain the spe-
cial character & to refer to that portion of the
pattern space which matched, and the special
escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding
matching sub-expressions in the regexp.
w filename Write the current pattern space to file-
name.
y/source/dest/
Transliterate the characters in the pattern space
which appear in source to the corresponding charac-
ter in dest.
Addresses
Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case
the command will be executed for all input lines; with one
address, in which case the command will only be executed
for input lines which match that address; or with two
addresses, in which case the command will be executed for
all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines
starting from the first address and continuing to the sec-
ond address. Three things to note about address ranges:
the syntax is addr1,addr2 (i.e., the addresses are sepa-
rated by a comma); the line which addr1 matched will
always be accepted, even if addr2 selects an earlier line;
and if addr2 is a regexp, it will not be tested against
the line that addr1 matched.
After the address (or address-range), and before the com-
mand, a ! may be inserted, which specifies that the com-
mand shall only be executed if the address (or address-
range) does not match.
The following address types are supported:
number Match only the specified line number.
first~step
Match every step'th line starting with line first.
For example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the
odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the
address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting
with the second. (This is a GNU extension.)
$ Match the last line.
/regexp/
Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.
\cregexpc
Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.
The c may be any character.
Regular expressions
POSIX.2 BREs should be supported, but they aren't com-
pletely yet. The \n sequence in a regular expression
matches the newline character. There are also some GNU
extensions. [XXX FIXME: more needs to be said. At the
very least, a reference to another document which
describes what is supported should be given.]
Miscellaneous notes
This version of sed supports a \<newline> sequence in all
regular expressions, the replacement part of a substitute
(s) command, and in the source and dest parts of a
transliterate (y) command. The \ is stripped, and the
newline is kept.
SEE ALSO
awk(1), ed(1), expr(1), emacs(1), perl(1), tr(1), vi(1),
regex(5) [well, one ought to be written... XXX], sed.info,
any of various books on sed, the sed FAQ
(http://www.wollery.demon.co.uk/sedtut10.txt,
http://www.ptug.org/sed/sedfaq.htm).
BUGS
E-mail bug reports to bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org. Be sure to
include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:''
field.
--
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