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Helpful features of Elm
Elm µÄ ``features" Óкܶ࣬ƩÈ磺ɾ³ý ``junk mail" ¿ÉÓà ``filter"£¬ ÖÆ×÷±í¸ñ
¿ÉÓà ``form"£¬ ¶ÁÆäËü¸ñʽµÄµµ¿ÉÀûÓà Metamail µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬¶ÔÐÅ ¼þÉèÃÜÂë¿ÉÓñàÂëµÄ
¹¦Äܵȣ¬¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊǷdz£µÄ¶àÑù»¯¡£±¾Õ½«¶ÔÉÏÊö¸÷Ï ÄÜÒ»Ò»×÷˵Ã÷¡£
How to filter out unimportant mails?
ʹÓõç×ÓÓʼþϵͳµÄÄúÊÇ·ñΪÊÕµ½¹ý¶àµÄ ``junk mail" »òÒòΪÓʼþ¹ý ¶àÎÞ·¨È·
¶¨¸ÃÓɺ䦶ÁÆð¶ø·³ÄÕ£¿ Elm µÄ filter ³Ìʽ¾ÍÊÇÕë¶ÔÒÔÉϵÄÎÊÌâ ¶øÉè¼ÆµÄ¡£
ʹÓà filter ʱ±ØÐëÏÈÔÚÇ©Èë(login)Ŀ¼µÄ ``.forward" µµÖÐ ¼ÓÈë
``|/usr/local/bin/filter"£¬²ÅÄÜÆô¶¯ËüµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ Òª´ïµ½¹ýÂ˵ô²»±Ø ÒªµÄ
``junk mail" ºÍÌô³öÖØÒªÓʼþÀ´ÔĶÁ, ±ØÐë͸¹ý filter ¹æÔò(rules)£¬ ¶øÕâЩ
¹æÔòÒª´æì¶ ``.elm" Ŀ¼Ï嵀 ``filter-rules" µµÖС£Filter µÄ·¨ Ôò¼Ü¹¹Èç
ÏÂ:
if (condition) then action
condition ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ field relationship value
»òÊÇ lines relop numvalue »ò always
field ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ from, subject, to, lines, »ò sender
relationship ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ ¡õ¡õ ! relop
¿ÉÒÔÊÇ ¡õ<, >, <¡õ¡õ > value ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκÎ×Ö´®
numvalue ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκÎÕûÊý
action ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ£º
delete ɾ³ýÓʼþ
save foldername ´æÒ»·Ý¸´±¾µ½Ö¸¶¨µÄ folder ÖÐ
savecopy foldername ³ýÁËÔÚ folder Öдæ·Å¸´±¾,ͬʱҲÔÚÐÅ
ÏäÖдæ·Å¸´±¾
execute command Ö´ÐÐËùÖ¸¶¨µÄÃüÁî
executec command Ö´ÐÐÖ¸¶¨ÃüÁîÍ⣬»¹´æÒ»¸´±¾µ½ÐÅÏäÖÐ
forward address ¼ÄÐŵ½Ö¸¶¨µÄµØÖ·
forwardc address ¼ÄÐŵ½Ö¸¶¨µÄµØÖ·Í⣬»¹´æÒ»¸´±¾µ½ÐÅÏäÖÐ
leave ½«Óʼþ´æì¶ÐÅÏäÖÐ
ÒÔϾÙÀý˵Ã÷ ``filter-rules" µÄÓ÷¨¡£
(1) if (subject matches /([a-z]+) a ([a-z]+)/) then executec
"touch \"/home/usr/xx/1%&\"; touch /home/usr/xx/2%1;
touch /home/usr/xx/3%2"
·²Ö÷ÌâÖÐÓÐ a£¬ ÇÒ a µÄÇ°áá×Ö´®Îª "a-z" Ö®¼äÈÎÒâ×Öĸ¿ªÍ·»ò½áβµÄÐżþ£¬
¶¼»áÖ´ÐÐ "touch" Ö¸Á²¢ÇÒ½« a Ç°ááµÄ×Ö´®(°üº¬ a)
´æì¶ "/home/usr/xx/1" Ŀ¼Ï£¬a Ç°ÃæµÄ×Ö´®´æì¶ "/home/usr/xx/2" Ŀ¼Ï£¬
a ááÃæµÄ×Ö´®´æì¶ "/home/usr/xx/3" Ŀ¼Ï¡£
¸½×¢£º ÓÐ¹Ø Regular Expression ·½ÃæµÄ×ÊÁÏ£¬¿É²Î¿¼±¾ÖÐÐÄ ASPAC ¼Æ»®Ëù³ö
°æ±àºÅ 94019 µÄ¼¼Êõ±¨¸æ¡£
¸ÃÎļþÈ¡µÃ·½·¨ÈçÏ£º
(1) ftp ÖÁ phi.sinica.edu.tw¡£
(2) ÒÔ anonymous ½øÈëÕʺš£
(3) cd /pub/aspac/doc/94¡£
(4) µµ°¸Ãû³ÆΪ 94019.ps, 94019.zip »ò 94019.ps.gz¡£
(2) subject contains "mime" ? save "~/elm-mail/mime"
·²Ö÷Ì⺬ÓÐ "mime" µÄÐżþ£¬¶¼´æµ½´ÎĿ¼ "elm-mail" Ï嵀 "mime" µµ°¸¡£
(3) subject contains "forward" ? forward "abc@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw"
·²Ö÷Ì⺬ÓÐ "forward" µÄÐżþ£¬¶¼»áת¸øÔÚ "ccvax.sinica.edu.tw" ÖеÄ
"abc" ʹÓÃÕß¡£
(4) subject contains "bingo" ? executec "pwd >> /home/usr/xx/bingo"
·²Ö÷Ì⺬ÓÐ "bingo" µÄÐżþ£¬»áÏÈÖ´ÐÐ "pwd" Ö¸ÁȻáá´æµµì¶
"/home/usr/xx" Ŀ¼Ï嵀 "bingo" µµ°¸£»²¢ÏÔÊ¾ì¶ "Mailbox" µÄ»ÃæÖС£
(5) subject contains "hello" ? execute "pwd >> /home/usr/xx/hello"
·²Ö÷Ì⺬ÓÐ "hello" µÄÐżþ£¬»áÏÈÖ´ÐÐ "pwd" Ö¸ÁȻáá´æµµì¶
"/home/usr/xx" Ŀ¼Ï嵀 "hello" µµ°¸¡£µ«²¢²»ÏÔÊ¾ì¶ "Mailbox" µÄ»ÃæÖС£
(6) from contains "ccvax" ? delete
·²ÊÇÒÔ "ccvax" ¿ªÍ·¼ÄÀ´µÄÐżþ£¬¶¼»á±»É¾³ý¡£
ÈçºÎ¼ìÑé ``¹æÔò" µÄÕýÈ·ÐÔ£¿ Ö»Òª¼üÈë ``filter -r"£¬ÈôÊÇ "¹æÔò" ÕýÈ·£¬¾Í
»á³öÏÖÏÂÁÐѶϢ£º
Rule 1: if (subject ~ /([a-z]+) a ([a-z]+)/) then
Execute and Save touch "/home/usr/xx/1<match>"; touch /home/usr/xx/2<submatch-1>; touch /home/usr/xx/3<submatch-2>
Rule 2:Rule 2: if (subject ¡õime") then|
Save ~/elm-mail/xxa
Rule 3: if (subject ¡õorward") then
Forward abc@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw
Rule 4: if (subject ¡õingo") then
Execute and Save pwd >> /home/usr/xx/bingo
Rule 5: if (subject ¡õello") then
Save pwd >> /home/usr/xx/hello
Rule 6: if (from ¡õcvax") then
Delete
ÈçºÎ¿´ÕªÒªµµ£¿
Èô¹ýÂ˳ɹ¦£¬Ö»Òª¼üÈë ``filter -s"£¬¾Í¿ÉÏÔʾִÐнá¹û¡£
È磺
A Summary of Filter Acativity
-------------------------------
A total of 3 messagess were filtered:
Mail from jenny about hello
SAVED in file "/home/usr/jenny/Mail/elm-incoming" by rule #1
Mail from jenny about meeting on Friday
(addressed to jenny (Jenny Tai))
SAVED in file "/home/usr/jenny/Mail/test.25" by rule #3
Mail from JENNY@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw about abc
DELETED by rule #2
Èô¼üÈë "filter -S"£¬ÔòÏÈÏÔʾ"¹æÔò"£¬ÔÙÁгöÖ´Ðнá¹û¡£ È磺
A Summary of Filter Activity
----------------------------
A total of 3 messages were filtered:
Rule #1: (save in "~/Mail/elm-incoming")
applied 1 time (33%)
Rule #2: (delete message)
applied 1 time (33%)
Rule #3: (save in "~/Mail/test.%d")
applied 1 time (33%)
Explicit log of each action;
Mail from jenny about hello
SAVED in file "/home/usr/jenny/Mail/elm-incoming" by rule #1
Mail from jenny about meeting on Friday
(addressed to jenny (Jenny Tai))
SAVED in file "/home/usr/jenny/Mail/test.25" by rule #3
Mail from JENNY@ccvax.sinica.edu.tw about abc
DELETED by rule #2
²Î¿¼Îļþ:
1. Elm Filter System Guide
2. Manual pages µÄ Filter
How to make forms?
±í¸ñÖƶ¨×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÄ¿µÄ¾ÍÊǽ«Ò»¸öÉè¼ÆºÃµÄ±í¸ñ´«¸øʹÓÃÕß,´ýÆä ÌîÍ×áὫ±í¸ñ
¼Ä»Ø,ÒÔÀûÐÐÕþ×÷Òµ¡£Æä²½ÖèÈçÏ£º
1. ÔÚÖ÷»ÃæÖÐÑ¡È¡ "mail"£¬×öËÍÐŵĶ¯×÷
2. Öƶ¨±í¸ñµÄ¸ñʽ
±í¸ñµÄÄÚÈÝ,¿É·ÖΪÒÔÏÂÈý´ó²¿·Ý:
[OPTIONS-SECTION] <--- ÊÓÐèÇó¶ø¶©
WIDTH€
TYPE¡õPLE
OUTPUT¡õT
[FORMS-IMAGE] <--- ʹÓÃÕß×Ô¶¨
Phone (area-code): Number:
Address:
[RULES-SECTION] <--- ´Ë²¿·ÝĿǰΪ Elm Ëù ignore
Çë×¢Òâ:ÔÚ":"áá¿É½Ó¿Õ°×»ò°´"Tab",ÓÃÀ´±íʾ´ËÀ¸Ö®Êµ¼Ê³¤¶È
¶øʹÓô˹¦ÄÜÇ°,±ØÐ뽫 elmrc µµÖÐµÄ forms Éè³É "forms¡õ
ÈôÓÐÇ©Ãûµµ¸½ì¶µµÎ²,±ØÐëɾ³ý¡£
µ«ÊÇ£¬ÈôÓÐÏֳɵµ°¸/±í¸ñ£¬Ö»Òª½«ËùÒªÌîдµÄ²¿·Ý¼ÓÉÏ"£º"(ÕªÒª»ò˵Ã÷²¿·Ý£¬
Ôò²»ÓÃ)£¬È»ááÒÔ¿Õ°×»ò°´"Tab"¼üÀ´±íʾ´ËÀ¸µÄʵ¼Ê³¤¶È¼´¿É¡£
3. ´¢´æ ¸ù¾ÝËùÓñà¼Æ÷Ö®´¢´æ·½Ê½£¬½«µµ°¸´¢´æ¡£
4. ±í¸ñÖÆ×÷
µ±µµ°¸´¢´æÍêáá,»á³öÏÖÒÔÏÂѶϢ:
choose: E)dit msg, edit H)eaders, M)ake form, S)end or F)orget:
´Ëʱ,Ñ¡Ôñ "M",¼´¿ÉÖÆ×ö±í¸ñ¡£
5. ¼Ä³ö±í¸ñ
ÔÚͬһ»ÃæÖУ¬Ñ¡Ôñ "S"£¬Ê¹ÓÃÕß½«»áÊÕµ½ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄ±í¸ñ:
WIDTH€
TYPE¡õPLE
OUTPUT¡õT
FORMS
Phone: Number:
Address:
´ËÖÖ±í¸ñÐÎʽµÄÐÅ£¬±ØÐëÓà Elm ½ÓÊÕ£¬ÊÕµ½áá¼´¿ÉÌîд±í¸ñ, ÔÙÒÔ ``reply" µÄ
·½Ê½¼Ä»Ø¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬µ±ÊÕµ½±í¸ñʱ,ѶϢ µÄ·ÖÀàÏî»áÏÔʾ ``F",´ËʱֻҪ¼üÈë
``r"¼´¿É½øÈë±í¸ñÌîд ÆäÖеÄÏîÄ¿¡£²Î¿¼Îļþ Elm Forms Mode System
Multi-Media features of Elm
ÔÚÕâ¶àýÌå¼¼ÊõÕýÅ·¢Õ¹µÄʱ´ú£¬Õâ·½Ãæµµ°¸µÄÐèÇóÁ¿ ±Ø¶¨Ôö¶à£»¶øÕâЩµµ°¸
µÄ´«µÝ·½Ê½Ò²·Ç³£µÄ¶à¡£Í¸¹ýÐżþ´«µÝ ±ãÊÇÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»¡£Elm ¾ÍÊÇÀûÓöàýÌåµÄ¹¦
ÄÜÀ´´«µÝÕâÀàÐεĵµ °¸(È磺audio,image,video)¡£ ¸üÏêϸµÄ˵ÊÇ͸¹ý
Metamail À´ÏÔʾѶϢ¡£ ¶ø Metamail ÏÔʾѶϢÊÇ¿¿ mailcap µÄµµ°¸¡£ ´Ëµµ°¸
±ØÐë·ÅÔÚÇ©Èë(login)µÄĿ¼Ï£¬²¢È¡ÃûΪ ``.mailcap" £»Í¬Ê±ÄÚÈÝÒ²¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý
¸öÈËÐèÇó×öÐ޸ġ£ ÓÐ¹Ø mailcap µµ°¸µÄ ÄÚÈÝÇë²ÎÔı¾Êֲḽ¼ B ``Sample
mailcap"¡£
ËÍÐÅ·½Ê½£º
Ö»ÒªÒÀ¾Ý¸÷µµ°¸µÄ¸ñʽÔÚ±à¼Ðżþʱ£¬¼ÓÈëÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£¬¼´¿É½«µµ°¸Ëͳö¡£
o - Audio µµ
[include music.au audio]
o (a) `` music.au" ΪµµÃû¡£
o (b) ``audio" Ϊ¸ñʽ¡£
o - Image µµ
[include graph.gif image/gif]
o (a) `` graph.gif" ΪµµÃû¡£
o (b) ``image/gif" Ϊ¸ñʽ¡£
o - Video µµ
[include movie.mpeg video/mpeg]
o (a) `` movie.mpeg" ΪµµÃû¡£
o (b) ``video/mpeg" Ϊ¸ñʽ¡£
Çë×¢Ò⣺ "[" Ç°²»ÄÜÓпոñ£¬ÇÒ±ØÐë¼ÓÔÚÒ»ÁеĿªÊ¼´¦¡£
ÊÕÐÅ·½Ê½£º
ÒÔÒ»°ã·½Ê½¶ÁÈëÐżþ£¬È»ááÒÀÕÕ»Ãæָʾ£¬Ñ¡È¡ 2 ´æÈëµµ°¸¡£ ×îáá
ÔÚ¸ù¾ÝͼÐεĸñʽ£¬Ñ¡Êʵ±µÄÈíÌ幤¾ß(È磺ghostview, xv...) ¼´¿É¿´µ½
ͼÐΡ£È磺
From: jenny (Jenny Tai)
Subject: gif
To: jenny (Jenny Tai)
Date: Wed, 20 Apr 1994 14:16:37 +0800 (CST)
This message contains data in an unrecognized format, image/gif,
which can either be viewed as text or written to a file.
What do you want to do with the image/gif data?
1 -- See it as text
2 -- Write it to a file
3 -- Just skip it
2 <--- ±íʾѡÔñÁ˵ڶþ¸öÑ¡Ïî
Please enter the name of a file to which the data should be written
(Default: /tmp/mm.a000a6) > graph.gif <--- ``graph.gif" ΪµµÃû
Wrote file graph.gif
³ýÁËÉÏÊö¸÷ÖÖ¸ñʽµÄµµ°¸Ö®Í⣬ Elm »¹¿ÉÒÔ´«ËÍ binary µµ°¸¡£ ´«Ë͵ķ½Ê½Èç
주
1. ÏÈ¶Ô binary µµ×ö ``uuencode" µÄ¶¯×÷¡£
$ uuencode xx.exe xx1.exe > newfile
+ (a) xx.exe --> ÔÀ´µÄ binary µµ¡£
+ (b) xx1.exe --> ±àÂëááµÄµµÃû¡£
+ (c) newfile --> ``include" ʱÓõĵµÃû¡£
2. ½øÈë elm ÖУ¬×öËÍÐŵĶ¯×÷£¬²¢¼üÈëÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
ÊÕÐÅÈË£º
ÐżþÄÚÈÝ
[include newfile application/binary]
·¢ÐÅÈË
3. µ±ÊÕÐÅÈËÊÕÐÅáᣬ½øÈë elm ÖУ¬ÏȶÁÐÅ£¬ÔÙÑ¡ÔñµÚ¶þÏî ``Write to a
file"£¬ ²¢¸øÒ»µµÃû£¬¾Í¿ÉÀ뿪 elm¡£
4. ×îááÔÙÕë¶ÔвúÉúµÄµµ×ö ``uudecode" µÄ¶¯×÷£¬¼´¿É²úÉúËùÒªµÄ binary
µµ¡£
$ uudecode newfile
ÒÔ´ËÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬½â¿ª newfile Ö®áᣬ¾Í»á²úÉú xx1.exe µµ¡£
ÁíÍ⣬Elm »¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÐżþÖÐ ``include" Ðżþ£¬·½·¨ÈçÏ£º
1. ½øÈë elm ÖУ¬×öËÍÐŵĶ¯×÷£¬²¢¼üÈëÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
ÊÕÐÅÈË£º
ÐżþÄÚÈÝ
[include xxfile message]
·¢ÐÅÈË
xxfile Ϊ``include" ÐżþµÄµµÃû¡£
message Ϊ´ËµµµÄ¸ñʽ¡£
2. ÕâÑù¼´¿É½«Ò»·â¸ñʽΪ``message"µÄÐżþ¼Ä³ö¡£
Óйصµ°¸¸ñʽµÄÏêϸ˵Ã÷¿ÉÒÔ´Ó ftp.csie.nctu.edu.tw:/pub/RFC/rfc1341.ps.z
È¡µÃ¡£
How to set password for a mail?
Äܹ»´«Ëͺ¬ÃÜÂëµÄÓʼþÊÇ Elm µÄÌصãÖ®Ò»£» (×¢) ´«ËÍʱֻҪÔÚÓʼþÖмÓÈ룺
[encode]
ÓʼþÄÚÈÝ
[clear]
¼´¿É´«Ëͺ¬ÃÜÂëµÄÓʼþ¡£ ¼Ä³öʱ£¬ÏµÍ³»áѯÎÊÃÜÂ룻´Ëʱ·¢ÐÅÕß±ØÐë¸ø Ò»¸öÃÜ
Â룬¾¹ýÈ·ÈÏÖ®áá¼´¿É½«Óʼþ¼Ä³ö¡£È磺
hello! can you read the following message:
[encode]
ÄãºÃÂð£¿
[clear]
I hope you can read it.
µ±ÊÕÐÅÕßÊÕµ½ÐÅÖ®áᣬֻҪÒÀ¾Ýϵͳָʾ£¬¼üÈëÒÑÖªÃÜÂë¾ÍÄܽâ¶ÁËùÊÕÓʼþ¡£
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2. ÔÚ``[encode]"Öв»ÄÜÔÙÓÐ``[encode]"¡£
3. ÔÚ``[encode]"Öв»ÄÜÓÐ``[include...]"¡£
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