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发信人: linuxrat (叫我老鼠错不了), 信区: Linux
标  题: 也说说Samba[FWD]
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Mon Jan 17 21:20:11 2000)

URL: www.linuxnewbie.org
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Samba NHF
Samba has been around for a long time and comes from a group of hackers in
Australia. Their home page is http://www.samba.org. Samba is ported to many
flavors of Unix but is most popular on Linux.

If you have a Linux box and you want to network it with one or more Windows
workstations, you will definitely want to run Samba. It allows your Linux
box to completely emulate a Windows NT server and you can set up a personal
Windows NT network at a fraction of the cost.

The first thing to do is to set up your ethernet. You can get a 100 BaseT
mini hub for about 50 bucks. You will need a 100 BaseT ethernet card for each
machine as well. Buy pre-made CAT V or VI cables at the appropriate length.
You can use 10 BaseT in lieu of 100 BaseT but the savings are not that great
compared to the difference in performance. Don't mix 10 and 100 BaseT. Some
hubs and cards will autodetect and support both, but unless you know for
sure, don't mix them. Be choosy about the card for your Linux box.
Consult http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html to make sure Linux
can support it. Consult http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO.html or
http://linuxnewbie.org/nhf/intel/network/ for information on setting up your
ethernet card in Linux.
Check the network configuration on your windows machine(s) by right clicking
on Network Neighborhood and selecting properties. You should see the follow
ing using a 3Com 3C905B-TX as an example;
Client for Microsoft Networks 3Com Fast Etherlink XL (3C905B TX) TCP/IP File
and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks
You may have Dial-Up networking installed as well, which is fine. However, I
recommend using IP masquerading to share your internet connection from your
Linux box. If you have cable modem or DSL, you will have two ethernet cards
in your Linux machine, one for your internal network and one for your
internet connection. If your Linux box connects to your internet connection
via PPP, then you will only have an ethernet card for your internal network.
Consult http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/IP-Masquerade.html for information
on this topic.
Initially, we want to make sure that the workstations can communicate with
the server using TCP/IP. For now, set up Windows to use the "Windows Logon"
for Primary Network Logon. Under the "Client for Microsoft Networks"
properties, make sure that "Log onto Windows NT Domain" is unchecked. Under
TCP/IP properties set WINS configuration to disabled, and set the IP address
to a private IP. I like to use the range from 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
This is one of the ranges dedicated to people with private IP networks. These
IPs are not routable over the internet. I like to use 10.1.1.1 for my server
and assign IP's to the workstations consecutively from there. You can use
255.255.255.0 for the network mask.

Define the IP and hostnames of your workstations in /etc/hosts as follows
using, for example, hostnames of myserver, myworkstations1, and
myworkstation2;
127.0.0.1 myserver localhost
10.1.1.2 myworkstation1
10.1.1.3 myworkstation2

Now you should be able to ping your server from the workstations DOS prompt
using "ping 10.1.1.1" without the quotes. You should be able to ping the
workstations from the server by using "ping myworkstation1" and "ping
myworkstation2" from the Linux command prompt.

Now for the Samba setup. Create a directory to share amongst the workstation
s for example "/pub"
Create your user accounts. You will want to create a separate account for
each user on your network so that you can setup private home directories later
on down the road. If you used adduser to create your accounts then, most
likely, your users are already a member of a group called "users" and will
have a group ID (gid) of "users" Check your users gid with "id ". Edit
/etc/passwd if required to set the users gid. Consult the man page on the
password file with "man passwd".

Do a "chmod 775 /pub" and "chgrp /pub" where is the gid assigned to the users.

Samba should be available in your distribution. Start up your package tool
and install it. Everything is configured from samba/lib/smb.conf Create your
smb.conf file by consulting the Samba documentation for this procedure. You
should able to do a "man smb.conf" after installation. You will need to set
your Linux box up to act as a WINS server and Primary Domain Controller for
NT style logins as well. This is explained in the man page. A sample working
smb.conf appears at the end of this document.
Samba runs two daemons. "smbd" for the windows file and print services and "
nmbd" for the WINS and master domain browser functions. Start your nmbd and
smbd simply by entering nmbd and smbd into the command line. Check the samba
/var/log.smb and samba/var/log.nmb files to troubleshoot/verify your
smb.conf Stop your daemons using your favorite process manager. I use Top
and I believe it is still standard on almost all distros. "cd" to
samba/var/log and clear your logs each time using >log.smb and >log.nmb to
make it easier to parse the output each time you start them. Once you get
those two daemons to start and stop without logging any errors in log.smb
and log.nmb you are almost done.

If you are using Windows machines that are newer then Win95 SR 1, they use
encrypted passwords. You will need to edit the registry to enable plain text
passwords as follows:
Select the following in the left pane of regedit;
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE -> System -> CurrentControlSet -> Services -> VxD ->
-> VNETSUP
Right click in the right pane and select new -> DWORD value. Name it
EnablePlainTextPassword. Right click on it and select modify. Assign it a
value of 1.

Set up the Windows workstations to do an NT style domain login using the
domain you defined in smb.conf. Under the "Client for Microsoft Networks"
properties, check "Log onto Windows NT Domain" and enter the domain you
defined in smb.conf Under TCP/IP properties, enable WINS resolution and add
the IP of your Linux box. Users will log into the network with the user id
and password assigned to them when you created the account. If everything
goes well, you will a have a fully functional Windows NT based network with
all the bells and whistles. >From the workstation, you should be able to see
the server and workstation(s) in the network neiborhood view of Windows
Explorer. You should be able to add, edit, and delete files in \\myserver\pub
and map it to a drive.

Add the smbd and nmbd to your startup scripts so that the system starts them
on boot. Your distribution may have set this up for you already when you in
stalled Samba.

There's lots of other neat stuff you can do with Samba like setting up
private home directories and printer shares and even logon scripts. Samba
has a really trick web based configuration tool called SWAT. You may want
to check that out as well.

Here is a working smb.conf

[global]
workgroup = WORKGROUP
hosts allow = 10.1.1. 127.
load printers = yes
printcap name = /etc/printcap
max log size = 50
security = user
socket options = TCP_NODELAY
interfaces = 10.1.1.1/24
os level = 33
domain master = yes
preferred master = yes
domain logons = yes
wins support = yes
logon script = logon.bat
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
[netlogon]
comment = Network Logon Service
path = /usr/samba/lib/netlogon
guest ok = yes
writable = no
share modes = no
[pub]
comment = Public Directory
path= /pub
public = yes
writable = yes
printable = no
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /usr/spool/samba
browseable = no
public = yes
guest ok = yes
writable = no
printable = yes
Note: (sent in by Tom S.)
I would suggest to use one the following files to change your Windows
registry:
/usr/doc/samba-2.0.5a/docs/NT4_PlainPassword.reg
/usr/doc/samba-2.0.5a/docs/Win2000_PlainPassword.reg
/usr/doc/samba-2.0.5a/docs/Win95_PlainPassword.reg
/usr/doc/samba-2.0.5a/docs/Win98_PlainPassword.reg
These files are easy to use and are available with the latest version of
SAMBA.
To use them you can simply double click on them in Windows and they change
your registry without a fuss.
Feedback can be sent here: feedback@linuxnewbie.org
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|======================+========================+====================|
| 以无法为有法，      |  拳本无法，有法也空；  |  我爱GNU/Linux,    |
|   以无限为有限       |    一法不立，无法不容。|     因为我爱自由！ |
|                      |                        |                    |
|   截拳道宗师-李小龙  |        意拳宗师-王芗斋 |     土人  Linuxrat |
|======================+========================+====================|

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