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39.16 结语

  经肠营养的重新发展已近20年。目前,由于膳食制备、输注系统(包括喂养管)、生理作用、临床应用、造口术的改进以及家庭经肠营养的应用等方面均有很多进展。在营养支持上的地位,经肠营养与TPN同样重要,其效果亦与TPN相似。且更具符合生理状态、费用节省、护理较简及使用安全的优点。此外,对胃肠道功能与结构的恢复,更为TPN所不及。所以,营养支持的原则是“只要胃肠道允许,应尽量采用经肠营养”。在胃肠功能较为欠佳时,采用要素膳;否则采用以整蛋白为氮源的非要素膳。利用组件或在固定组成的膳食中加入组件,可以配制适合不同需要的膳食。

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